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Statistical Hypothesis Testing MCQ

When computing effect size, the sample size is ________.

Always taken into account

Sometimes taken into account

Used as the denominator

Never taken into account

Answer

Correct Answer: Never taken into account

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To conduct a test of hypothesis with a small sample, we make an assumption that __________.

A larger computed value of t will be needed to reject the null hypothesis

The region of acceptance will be wider than for large samples

The confidence interval will be wider than for large samples

The population is normally distributed

Answer

Correct Answer: The population is normally distributed

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The t test for independent means is used when each group is tested ____________.

Only once

Four times

Neither times

Two times

Answer

Correct Answer: Only once

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The rejection of a true null hypothesis is called a ______________ error.

Type I

Type II

Type III

Answer

Correct Answer: Type I

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For a fixed sample size, the lower we set α, the higher is the ___________.

Answer

Correct Answer: β

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If calculated required sample size is a non integer value, we should always _____ calculated value.

True

Round up

FALSE

Round the result of the calculation up to the nearest whole number.

To be conservative, always round up noninteger values of the calculated required sample size

Answer

Correct Answer: Round up

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In the t test for independent groups, ____.

We estimate µ1- µ2

We estimate s2

We estimate

Df = N - 1

Answer

Correct Answer: We estimate

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The critical value for a hypothesis test _______.

The significance level and determines the boundary for the rejection region.

The unsignificance level and determines the boundary for the region.

Both

None of these

Answer

Correct Answer: The significance level and determines the boundary for the rejection region.

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The hypothesis statement h: μ < 60 is an example of a(an) ________ hypothesis.

Alternative hypothesis

Null hypothesis

Direct hypothesis

All of these

Answer

Correct Answer: Alternative hypothesis

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The test statistic calculated by the statistical procedure selected is known as the ___________.

Critical value

Significance level

Obtained value

P value

Answer

Correct Answer: Obtained value

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The sample mean is _____ the confidence interval.

At the beginning of

At the end of

In the center of

Excluded from

Answer

Correct Answer: In the center of

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When using student's t to compute an interval estimate, ___________.

We assume the samples are collected from normally distributed populations

We assume the samples are collected from professsionally distributed populations

Both A and B

None of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: We assume the samples are collected from normally distributed populations

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The size of the sampling error is ________.

Inversely related to the sample size

DIirectly related to the sample size

Equally related to the sample size

None of the above

Answer

Correct Answer: Inversely related to the sample size

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A(n) ____________ difference is due to some systematic influence and not due to chance.

Significance level

Significant

Sample size

Critical value

Answer

Correct Answer: Significant

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Decreasing the alpha level from α = .05 to α = .01 ____.

Decreases the probability of a Type I error

Decreases the size of the critical region

Decreases the probability that the sample will fall into the critical region

All of the other options are results of decreasing alpha

Answer

Correct Answer: Decreases the probability of a Type I error

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A Type I error occurs when: (Hint: When we use test statistics to tell us about the true state of the world, we’re trying to see whether there is an effect in our population.)

We conclude that there is not an effect in the population when in fact there is.

We conclude that the test statistic is significant when in fact it is not.

The data we have typed into SPSS is different from the data collected.

We conclude that there is an effect in the population when in fact there is not.

Answer

Correct Answer: We conclude that there is an effect in the population when in fact there is not.

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What is p the probability if the null hypothesis were true? (Hint: NHST relies on fitting a ‘model’ to the data and then evaluating the probability of this ‘model’ given the assumption that no effect exists.)

P is the probability that the results are due to chance, the probability that the null hypothesis (H0) is true.

P is the probability of observing a test statistic at least as big as the one we have if there were no effects in the population (i.e., the null hypothesis were true).

P is the probability that the results are not due to chance, the probability that the null hypothesis (H0) is false.

P is the probability that the results would be replicated if the experiment was conducted a second time.

Answer

Correct Answer: P is the probability of observing a test statistic at least as big as the one we have if there were no effects in the population (i.e., the null hypothesis were true).

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If my null hypothesis is ‘Dutch people do not differ from English people in height’, what is my alternative hypothesis?

All of the statements are plausible alternative hypotheses.

Dutch people are taller than English people.

English people are taller than Dutch people.

Dutch people differ in height from English people.

Answer

Correct Answer: All of the statements are plausible alternative hypotheses.

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If my experimental hypothesis were ‘Eating cheese before bed affects the number of nightmares you have’, what would the null hypothesis be?

Eating cheese before bed gives you more nightmares.

Eating cheese before bed gives you fewer nightmares.

Eating cheese is linearly related to the number of nightmares you have.

The number of nightmares you have is not affected by eating cheese before bed.

Answer

Correct Answer: The number of nightmares you have is not affected by eating cheese before bed.

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‘Children can learn a second language faster before the age of 7’. Is this statement:

A non-scientific statement

A one-tailed hypothesis

A two-tailed hypothesis

A null hypothesis

Answer

Correct Answer: A one-tailed hypothesis

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