Symmetrical measure of association whose value will be the same when either variable is considered the independent variable or the dependent variable.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The absence of association between two cross-tabulated variables is statistical independence
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Correct Answer:
True
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A measure that tells us how much we can improve predicting the value of a dependent variable based on information about an independent variable is proportional reduction of error
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Correct Answer:
True
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____ relationship is a bivariate relationship between two variables measured at the ordinal level or higher in which the variables vary in the same direction.
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Correct Answer:
Positive
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The cell frequencies actually observed in a bivariate table is ___ frequencies
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Correct Answer:
Observed
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____ relationship is a bivariate relationship between two variables measured at the ordinal level or higher in which the variables vary in opposite directions.
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Correct Answer:
Negative
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A single summarizing number that reflects the strength of a relationship, indicates the usefulness of predicting the dependent variable from the independent variable, and often shows the direction of the relationship is measure of association
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Correct Answer:
True
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An asymmetrical measure of association, lambda is suitable for use with nominal variables and may range from 0.0 to 1.0 is called
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Correct Answer:
Lambda
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A symmetrical measure of association suitable for use with ordinal variables is kendall's tau b
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Correct Answer:
True
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____ is symmetrical measure of association suitable for use with ordinal variables or with dichotomous nominal variables
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Correct Answer:
Gamma
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The cell frequencies that would be expected in a bivariate table if the two variables were statistically independent is expected frequencies
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Correct Answer:
True
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Elaboration is a process designed to further explore a bivariate relationship; it involves the introduction of control variables.
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Correct Answer:
True
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Cramer's V chi-square-related measure of association for nominal variables. Cramer’s V is based on the value of chi-square and ranges between 0 and 1
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Correct Answer:
True
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An additional variable considered in a bivariate relationship. The variable is controlled for when we take into account its effect on the variables in the bivariate relationship is control variable
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Correct Answer:
True
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An inferential technique designed to test for a significant relationship between two variables organized in a bivariate table is chi square test
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Correct Answer:
True
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The test statistic that summarizes the differences between the observed (fo) and the expected (fe) frequencies in a bivariate table is chi square
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Correct Answer:
True
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Asymmetrical measure of measure of association whose value may vary depending on which variable is considered the independent variable and which the dependent variable.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The χ2 test statistic ______.
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Correct Answer:
Summarizes the differences between the observed and expected frequencies in a bivariate table
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Suppose you are interested in the relationship between whether a person has completed college and their vote in the 2012 presidential election. You calculate a χ2 statistic of 4.72 and find a critical value in the χ2 table of 5.01. What do you conclude?
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Correct Answer:
We cannot reject the null hypothesis.
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Cramer’s V is a(n) ______ measure of association for ______ variables.
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Correct Answer:
Nondirectional; nominal
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The use of Kendall’s tau-b as a measure of association is specifically designed to account for ______ observations.
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Correct Answer:
Tied
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Gamma ranges from ______.
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Correct Answer:
0 to ±1
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Which of the following measures is considered an asymmetrical measure of association?
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Correct Answer:
Lambda
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Lambda is an appropriate measure of association for ______ level variables.
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Correct Answer:
Nominal
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The value of asymmetrical measures of association may vary depending on which variable is considered the ______ and which is considered the ______.
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Correct Answer:
Independent; dependent
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Which of the following statements illustrates the greatest weakness of the χ2 test?
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Correct Answer:
It is dramatically influenced by the size of the sample.
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The χ2 statistic tells us about the relationship between observed and expected frequencies by summarizing their ______.
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Correct Answer:
Differences
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In examining the relationship between religious affiliation and perceived life satisfaction, a researcher calculates the value to λ to be 0.12. What is the correct interpretation of this quantity?
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Correct Answer:
Using religious affiliation to predict perceived quality of life reduces the number of errors associated with prediction by 12%.
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Gamma is a symmetrical measure of association suitable for use with ______ variables.
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Correct Answer:
Ordinal
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Both λ and γ provide us with ______.
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Correct Answer:
The strength of association between the independent and dependent variables
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Cramer’s V is a χ2-related measure of association for ______ variables.
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Correct Answer:
Nominal
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Chi-square test is a(an) ______ designed to test for significant relationships between two nominal or ordinal variables organized in a bivariate table.
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Correct Answer:
Inferential statistic
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