Is wade–Gilbert rule the suspect has a constitutional right to a lawyer at all postindictment lineups and confrontations. Absent the presence or waiver of a lawyer, the results may not be introduced by the prosecutor at trial. A prosecutor may not ask a witness for an in-court identification unless the prosecution establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the in-court identification is not the product of a tainted identification procedure?
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True
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Is suggestive procedures identifications that influence the result by highlighting one of the participants?
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True
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_____ is known as a victim or eyewitness confronts all the participants in the lineup at the same time.
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Simultaneous lineup
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_____ is defined as a victim or eyewitness is confronted with a single suspect.
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Showup
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_____ is presentation of individuals in a lineup one after another.
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Sequential presentation
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Is scientific identification identification of a suspect through scientific procedures?
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True
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_____ is known as an instrument used to determine whether a person is telling the truth.
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Polygraph
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_____ is defined as witness identification of the perpetrator of a crime through the use of photographs.
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Photographic displays
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_____ is identification of the perpetrator of a crime, who is not present, by viewing photographs.
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Noncorporeal identification
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Is in-court identification a witness identifies the perpetrator of a criminal act in court?
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True
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_____ is known as requires that a scientific technique be sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in the particular field in which it belongs.
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Frye test
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_____ is defined as individuals in a lineup who are not suspects.
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Foils
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_____ is defined as identification of a suspect by a victim or witness.
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Eyewitness identification
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_____ is the police and the witness do not know who is the suspect at a lineup or photograph parade.
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Double-blind
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Is dNA deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that stores an individual’s genetic code and is found in the cells of the human body?
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True
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_____ is known as individuals in a lineup who are not suspects.
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Distractors
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_____ is defined as test for the admissibility of scientific evidence based on the relevance and reliability of the evidence.
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Daubert test
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_____ is procedures between arraignment and trial at which a failure to provide the defendant a lawyer may prevent the defendant from obtaining a fair trial.
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Critical stages of a criminal proceeding
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Is corporeal identification identification of an individual who is physically present?
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True
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_____ is known as physical presentation of a suspect to a witness or victim.
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Confrontation
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_____ is defined as cODIS is an electronic database that integrates DNA profiles contained in the criminal offender databases of the fifty states and the federal government.
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Combined DNA Index System
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_____ is alphonse Bertillon, a French police officer, pioneered the identification of criminals through precise physical measurements.
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Bertillon method
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How many eyewitnesses should view the lineup, showup, or photo array at a time?
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One
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Which standard of scientific evidence requires prosecutors to conduct their own research, determining the validity of a particular scientific technique?
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The Daubert test
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The results of each of the following are allowed as evidence in court EXCEPT ______.
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Lie detector tests
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The right to counsel attaches to all of the following EXCEPT ______.
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Photographic lineups
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An encounter in which an individual is brought before a victim or other witness and asked if this is the suspect is known as ______.
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Showup
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Courts have generally held that the polygraph is not sufficiently accepted in the scientific community.
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True
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The results of polygraphs (lie detectors) are generally inadmissible in trial.
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True
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DNA has become known as the final word on guilt or innocence.
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True
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Nearly all states collect DNA from all felons to be used in a database.
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True
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If the right to counsel during a lineup is denied to a suspect, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that an in-court identification of the suspect is unconstitutional.
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False
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One of the primary advantages to the right to counsel at a lineup is that the attorney can question the validity of a lineup at trial if necessary.
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True
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When assembling a photo lineup, research has shown that mixing black-and-white and color photographs has essentially no impact on the identification process.
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False
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The American Bar Association has published recommendations to help police departments take steps to reduce or eliminate the possibility of unintentional police influence of an eyewitness.
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True
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One positive factor of eyewitness identifications is that while people do try to forget painful events (such as a crime), such events are typically “burned” into memory with relatively high accuracy due to the victim’s heightened state of awareness.
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False
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Scientific evidence is far more effective than lineups to clear innocent suspects.
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True
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