Research (Planning, Conducting, and Reporting) Quiz # 4

______________ (IV) that is naturally occurring (e.g., race and gender) and as a consequence is not assigned at random is known as quasi - IV

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Constant variable

All of above

______________ (IV) that is naturally occurring (e.g., race and gender) and as a consequence is not assigned at random is known as quasi - IV

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Constant variable

All of above

______________ (IV) that is naturally occurring (e.g., race and gender) and as a consequence is not assigned at random is known as quasi - IV

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Constant variable

All of above

Bonferroni Adjustment is adjustment for Type I error by dividing the alpha level (.05) by the number of statistical tests performed to create a new more stringent ______level

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Meta

When the critical region for significance is spread across both tails of the distribution is known as

Two tailed significance test

Three tailed significance test

One tailed significance test

Two tailed non significance test

When the critical region for significance is limited to one tail of the distribution (more lenient than two-tailed tests) is known as

Two tailed significance test

Three tailed significance test

One tailed significance test

Two tailed non significance test

Probability of rejecting Ho (the null hypothesis), assuming Ho is false called as power

True

False

Alternative hypothesis is hypothesis you have stated will be true if the null hypothesis is rejected

True

False

Threats to _____ validity are factors that undermine the ability of your research to ascertain the influence of an independent variable (IV) on a dependent variable (DV)

Internal validity

External validity

Simple validity

All of above

Threats to _____ validity are factors that undermine the ability of your research to ascertain the influence of an independent variable (IV) on a dependent variable (DV)

Internal validity

External validity

Simple validity

All of above

Threats to _____ validity are factors that undermine the ability of your research to ascertain the influence of an independent variable (IV) on a dependent variable (DV)

Internal validity

External validity

Simple validity

All of above

Threats to _____ validity are factors that undermine the ability of your research to ascertain the influence of an independent variable (IV) on a dependent variable (DV)

Internal validity

External validity

Simple validity

All of above

One of Campbell and Stanley’s (1963) threats to internal validity in which something happens between experimental treatments to influence the results is known as history

True

False

Threats to _____ validity in which capacities of the participants may change as a result of fatigue, illness, age, or hunger that affect the intervention is known as

Internal validity

External validity

Simple validity

All of above

Threats to _______ involving multiple testing situations in which the first affects how participants respond to subsequent tests

Internal validity

External validity

Simple validity

All of above

Solomon Four Group Design is Pretest, posttest research design involving four conditions; takes into account the possible effect of sensitization in responding to the pretest measures

True

False

Solomon Four Group Design is Pretest, posttest research design involving four conditions; takes into account the possible effect of sensitization in responding to the pretest measures

True

False

Instrumentation is one of Campbell and Stanley’s (1963) threats to internal validity in which changes in equipment affect judgments/ measurements that are made

True

False

Operational definitions is describing a _______ in terms of the processes used to measure or quantify it

Variable

Constant

Non variable

All of above

One of Campbell and Stanley’s (1963) threats to internal validity when participants are selected on the basis of extreme scores (e.g., high or low intelligence) and their scores move toward the mean on subsequent testing is called Statistical Regression

True

False

When preexisting characteristics of participants may affect scores on the _________ is known as

Dependent variable

Independent variable

Constant variable

All of above

Threats to _______ in which people drop out of studies in a nonequivalent manner (e.g., more older adults than younger adults drop out of the intervention than out of the control group) is known as Experimental Mortality

Internal validity

External validity

Complex validity

None of above

Threats to _______ in which with quasi-experimental designs with multiple groups, some preexisting aspect of the groups might be confounded with the variable of interest is known as Selection–Maturation Interaction

Internal validity

External validity

Complex validity

None of above

Cues available to participants in a study that may enable them to determine the _______ is called Demand Characteristics

Purpose of study

Purpose of participants

Purpose of research

All of above

Research design in which participants are unaware of the conditions to which they have been assigned is known as

Single-Blind Experiment

Double-Blind Experiment

Placebo experiment

All of above

Research design in which both the participant and the researcher are unaware of the condition to which the participant has been assigned is known as

Single-Blind Experiment

Double-Blind Experiment

Placebo experiment

All of above

Role Attitude Cues participants approach research with a particular attitude, such as cooperativeness; may affect _______

Experiment

Results

Deduction

Hypotheses

Attitude of research participant who tries to help the _____ is called Cooperative Attitude

Researcher

Scientist

Participants

All of above

Attitude of participant who is concerned about performance evaluation is called Defensive or Apprehensive Attitude

True

False

Attitude of a participant who wants to undermine the research is called

Negative attitude

Positive attitude

Neutral attitude

None of above