Business Research Quiz # 9

Mean is the arithmetic average and the measure of central tendency most often used for continuation ratio data.

True

False

Refers to accuracy and arching, which describe departures from the symmetry of a distribution and its relative flatness (or peakedness), respectively. Is known as Measures of shape .

True

False

The value at the midpoint of the distribution so there is an equal likelihood of falling above or below it.

Median

Means

Missing data

None of these

Occur “when there is no data whatsoever for a respondent (non-response) or when some variables for a respondent are unknown (item nonresponse) because of refusal to provide or failure to collect the response” (see reference 7 in Chapter 5) is known as missing data.

True

False

The most frequently occurring value in a distribution is known as _____.

Mode

Median

Missing data

None of these

_______ has fewer and less stringent assumptions about the shape or parameters of the underlying population distribution; does not specify a normally distributed population, or equality of variance is not relevant. It is used with nominal and ordinal data.

Nonparametric tests

Nonresistant statistics

Null hypothesis

One-tailed test

Nonresistant Statistics that are affected by outliers in the______.

Distribution

Compactness

Disorganization

Hoarding

_________is a statement of no difference between the population parameter and the sampling statistic being compared to it.

Null hypothesis

One-tailed test

Out-of-range response

Parametric tests

Place the entire probability of rejecting the null hypotheses into the tail of the distribution specified by the direction of the alternative hypothesis.

One-tailed test

Out-of-range response

Parametric tests

P-value

____________ is a response above or below the researcher’s predetermined range for the variable.

One-tailed test

Out-of-range response

Parametric tests

P-value

Relies on assumptions about the population from which the sample was drawn and uses metric (interval-ratio) data is known _____.

One-tailed test

Out-of-range response

Parametric tests

P-value

________ is the probability of obtaining a value of the test statistics as extreme as, or more extreme than, the actual value obtained when the null hypothesis is true.

One-tailed test

Out-of-range response

Parametric tests

P-value

__________Used as a measure of dispersion with the median for ordinal data.

Quartile deviation

Range

Research data

Research report

Range is the difference between the smallest value in the distribution and computed from the minimum scores.

True

False

________ are “collected, observed, or created, for purposes of analysis to produce original research results” (see reference 1 in Chapter 5).

Research data

Research report

Resistant statistics

Skewness

Represents communication in which the researcher describes the nature and importance of the problem, the sources discovered to enlighten its background, the methods chosen to collect primary data, the analysis, the interpretation, and the conclusions or solutions found is known as ______

Research data

Research report

Resistant statistics

Skewness

_______ that are unaffected by outliers in a distribution and change only slightly with small replacements of the data set.

Research data

Research report

Resistant statistics

Skewness

________ is a measure of a distribution’s deviation from symmetry.

Research data

Research report

Resistant statistics

Skewness

_________is a measure of variability and the positive square root of the variance.

Standard deviation

Statistical assumptions

Statistical significance

None of these

__________ is a requirement for the use of a chosen statistical test.

Standard deviation

Statistical assumptions

Statistical significance

None of these

In hypothesis testing, this is the improbability associated with determining if a result is likely to have occurred by chance alone.

True

False

Stem-and-leaf displays are closely related to histograms but present actual data values that can be inspected directly without the use of enclosed bars.

True

False

________ are Corresponds with a nondirectional hypothesis and splits the probability of an unlikely outcome into two regions of rejection.

Stem-and-leaf displays

Two-tailed test

Three-tailed test

Five -tailed test

_____ is the average of the squared deviation scores from the mean; it shows how far a set of numbers are spread out from their average value.

Variance

Permanence

Common thread

Consistency

______ is a longitudinal panel of respondents used in especially lengthy studies whose size reflects the need to compensate for attrition.

Continuous panel

Cross-sectional

Longitudinal panel

None of these

Collects data at one point in time (thereby producing a snapshot) or during a single short interval to make comparisons across different types of participants or variables is known as

Continuous panel

Cross-sectional

Longitudinal panel

None of these

A design in which the researchers are primarily describing and documenting the characteristics of the phenomenon is known as ?

Descriptive nonexperimental design

Discontinuous panel

Experimental realism

Explanatory nonexperimental design

Differs from longitudinal continuous panels because the recruited participants and the pursued information differ with each project’s goals is known as _____.

Descriptive nonexperimental design

Discontinuous panel

Experimental realism

Explanatory nonexperimental design

Experimental realism creates the phenomenon in a laboratory as it occurs in nature.

True

False

identifying the causal factors that produce a change in it is known as Explanatory nonexperimental design.

Who

Whom

How

Whome