What would the optical return loss (ORL) be defined as when r-fresnal reflection occurs at a fiber-air interface?

Optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is a/an ________.

Intermodal dispersion is less in a __________.

Scattering losses happen due to:

Numerical aperture (NA) is related to the refractive indexes of core (n1) and cladding (n2) when,

Avalanche photodiodes are ________.

In p-i-n photodiodes 'i' stands for:

The information carrying capacity of optical fibers is in the range of:

Dark line defects (DLDs) occur when:

LED is more suitable for analog transmission because of its _______.

Macro bending losses in optical fibers can be reduced by designing the fibers with ________.