It is difficult for new companies to break into some markets due to factors like expensive infrastructure being required. What are these termed?

i)A Private Finance Initiative (PFI) involves a public-sector organization purchasing services from a private-sector company. ii)PFI contracts tend to be of less than ten years

i)All measures should be reported to the senior management. ii)Decisions should be made on the basis of quantitative data alone.

What is meant by the term 'lobster trap'?

i)Regulatory bodies may block a merger to prevent the creation of a monopoly. ii)Mergers may not involve a cash payment to the target

Benefits of monitoring performance?

Michael Porter (1980, 1985) suggested that factors such as initial capital requirements, the threat of price-cutting by established firms and the level of product differentiation represent _______ for new-firm entrants into markets.

National, regional and local governments, as well as economic or political unions like the European Union (EU) or the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), often enforce regulations that can do which of the following?

What do we call firms that invest in a variety of different product markets to reduce exposure to risk in single product markets?

________ refers to the characteristics of the product and is the way through which firms improve the quality of their offerings over time (usually by means of innovation).

According to industrial organization theory, which factor does NOT influence market structure?