Psychoacoustics MCQ
Neurotransmitter are endogenous chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse. True or false?
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Neurotransmitter are chemicals that send signals from a neuron _______.
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Correct Answer:
Across a synapse
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How do groups of neurons encode the timing of a sound waveform?
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Correct Answer:
By neural firing patterns in time
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How do neural firing patterns determine the perception of pitch?
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Correct Answer:
By encoding the timing of a sound waveform
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What is the method of adjustment also called?
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Correct Answer:
The method of average error
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Where is the medial geniculate body located?
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Correct Answer:
Temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex
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What is the McGurk Effect?
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Correct Answer:
A perceptual phenomenon which demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception
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The McGurk effect is an interaction between which two senses?
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Correct Answer:
Hearing and vision
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What does Malleus transmit?
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Correct Answer:
Sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus.
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Which of the following best describes magnitude estimation?
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Correct Answer:
A psychophysical method of evaluating stimuli above threshold.
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The psychophysical method of evaluating stimuli above threshold is known as:
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Correct Answer:
Magnitude estimation
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What is a linear correlation?
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Correct Answer:
A correlation in which the regression line is a straight line
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the limbic system?
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Correct Answer:
Cerebellum
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What is the Likert Scale used for?
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Correct Answer:
To measure levels of agreement with a statement in a questionnaire
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What is the Likert Scale?
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Correct Answer:
A scale used in questionnaires to measure respondents' level of agreement with a statement
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How many years of research did Liberman's ideas set the agenda for?
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Alvin Liberman's ideas set the agenda for fifty years of research in which area of psychology?
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Correct Answer:
The psychology of speech perception
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What is the name of the author of the two best-selling books?
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Correct Answer:
Levitin, Daniel
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What is the name of the book Levitin is most widely known for?
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Correct Answer:
This Is Your Brain On Music: The Science of a Human Obsession
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What is Patricia Kuhl's profession?
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Correct Answer:
Professor of Speech and Hearing Sciences
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What was Karl Kryter's profession?
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Correct Answer:
Psychologist
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What is the smallest detectable difference between a starting and secondary level of a particular sensory stimulus called?
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Correct Answer:
Just Noticeable Difference
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What is the Just Noticeable Difference?
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Correct Answer:
The smallest detectable difference between a starting and secondary level of a particular sensory stimulus.
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Which among the following is NOT a function of the inner hair cells?
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Correct Answer:
They are in synaptic contact with efferent fibers of the auditory nerve.
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What is the Incus?
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Correct Answer:
The anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear.
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What is Imperfect Consonance?
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Correct Answer:
Minor and major thirds, and minor and major sixths in music.
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What is imperfect consonance in music?
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Correct Answer:
Minor and major thirds, and minor and major sixths
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What is an Iamb?
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Correct Answer:
A metrical foot (a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm)
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Helmholtz is known for his contributions to which fields?
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Correct Answer:
Physiology, psychology, and mathematics
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What is Hermann Helmholtz known for?
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Correct Answer:
Contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science.
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What is the main component of the cochlear apex?
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Correct Answer:
Helicotrema
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What is the head related transfer function?
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Correct Answer:
How an ear receives a sound from a point in space
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What is the definition of habituation?
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Correct Answer:
The repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus that may result in the decline of the elicited behavior.
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Which of the following does NOT describe the process of habituation?
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Correct Answer:
A decline in the elicited behavior
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What is habituation?
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Correct Answer:
A decrease in an elicited behavior resulting from the repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus
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What is the Haas effect?
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Correct Answer:
The perception of only the direction of the first arriving sound signal
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The ____ effect describes the phenomenon where a sound coming from one direction is perceived to originate from another direction.
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In which year did Donald Griffin identify the navigational method of bats as animal echolocation?
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What did Donald Griffin identify as the navigational method of bats in 1944?
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Correct Answer:
Animal echolocation
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What are the Gestalt rules?
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Correct Answer:
Rule described by Gestalt psychologists which govern perceptual organization.
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Which of the following is not a gestalt rule?
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Correct Answer:
Attention
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What is the characteristic shape of a Gaussian function?
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Correct Answer:
Symmetric "bell curve"
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What is the graph of a Gaussian function?
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Correct Answer:
A symmetric "bell curve" shape that quickly falls off towards plus/minus infinity.
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The Ganong effect is an effect where an ambiguous phoneme will be perceived as...?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Consistent with the surrounding lexical context
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The Ganong effect is named after which researcher?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Peter Ganong
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What is a fixed action pattern?
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Correct Answer:
A behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion.
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What is an instinctive behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion called?
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Correct Answer:
Fixed action pattern
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Which of the following is NOT a field-ground phenomenon?
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Correct Answer:
The division of the perceptual field into background and objects that appear to stand out against it.
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Who was the German experimental psychologist that inspired many 20th century scientists and philosophers?
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Correct Answer:
Fechner, Gustav
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What was Fechner's demonstration?
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Correct Answer:
That the mind was susceptible to measurement and mathematical treatment
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Fechner-Weber law states that subjective sensation is proportional to what of the stimulus intensity?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The logarithm
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Which of the following is NOT correct about Fechner-Weber law?
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Correct Answer:
Subjective sensation is proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity.
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of factor analysis?
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Correct Answer:
Unobserved
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What are endorphins?
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Correct Answer:
Endogenous opioid peptides that function as neurotransmitters
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What is the function of Endorphins?
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Correct Answer:
Endorphins are neurotransmitters that function to produce analgesia and a feeling of well-being.
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What is Electroencephalography?
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Correct Answer:
The recording of electrical activity along the scalp
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Motor or effector neurons carry nerve impulses _______.
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Correct Answer:
Away from the central nervous system
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What are efferent nerves also known as?
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Correct Answer:
Motor or effector neurons
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What is ecological psychoacoustics?
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Correct Answer:
The study of how humans process sound in naturalistic environments
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What is the title of the book by Neuhoff?
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Correct Answer:
Ecological psychoacoustics
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What is echolocation?
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Correct Answer:
The ability of humans to detect objects in their environment by sensing echoes from those objects.
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What does echolocation allow humans to do?
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Correct Answer:
Detect objects in their environment by sensing echoes from those objects
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Diana Deutsch did a lot of work in which field?
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Correct Answer:
World of pitch
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Who came up with a model that viewed pitch as an ascending spiral?
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Correct Answer:
Diana Deutsch
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What does OAE stand for?
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Correct Answer:
Otoacoustic Emissions
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What is the OAE?
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Correct Answer:
Otoacoustic emission
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What is delayed auditory feedback?
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Correct Answer:
The original acoustic speech signal is artificially modified and then fed back via headphones
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Which of the following is true of Davis, Hallowell?
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Correct Answer:
He damaged his hearing during hearing tests in WWII.
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Who wrote "Hearing: It's Psychology and Physiology"?
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Correct Answer:
Davis, Hallowell
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What does C-weighting approximate?
Answer
Correct Answer:
100 phon contour
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What functions are linked to Broca's Area?
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Correct Answer:
Speech production
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What is Broca's Area?
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Correct Answer:
A region of the brain with functions linked to speech production
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What does the brain stem do?
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Correct Answer:
Provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck
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Which statement best describes blind sight?
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Correct Answer:
People who are perceptually blind in a certain area of their visual field demonstrate some response to visual stimuli.
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What is Binaural sluggishness?
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Correct Answer:
The binarual system is sloq in adapting to changes in the interaural parameters to which it is sensitive.
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Binaural masking differences is the difference in threshold of the signal for the case where:
Answer
Correct Answer:
The signal and masker have the same phase and level relationships at the two ears.
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What are binaural beats?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Auditory processing artifacts
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What did Berlyne develop a theory of?
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Correct Answer:
Aesthetics
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What is the name of the psychologist who developed a theory of aesthetics based on complexity?
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Correct Answer:
Berlyne, Daniel
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What was Bekesy awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for?
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Correct Answer:
His research on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian hearing organ
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For which discovery was Bekesy awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Function of the cochlea in the mammalian hearing organ
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What is the basilar membrane?
Answer
Correct Answer:
A membrane inside the cochlea that vibrates in response to sound
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What is the main function of the Basal Ganglia?
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Correct Answer:
Coordinating movement
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What does temporal masking of quiet sounds refer to?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Backward Masking
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What is backward masking?
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Correct Answer:
Temporal masking of quiet sounds that occur moments before a louder sound
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What does B-weighting approximate?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The 70 phon contour
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What is the cocktail party effect?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The cocktail party effect is an example of auditory streaming.
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What is Auditory Stream Segregation?
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Correct Answer:
The perceptual grouping of sounds to form coherent representations of objects in the acoustic scene.
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What is the process by which the human auditory system organizes sound into perceptually meaningful elements?
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Correct Answer:
Auditory Scene Analysis
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What is the definition of auditory looming?
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Correct Answer:
The detection of appaoching objects via sound.
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What is auditory looming?
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Correct Answer:
The detection of approaching objects via sound.
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What is auditory fatigue?
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Correct Answer:
A temporary loss of hearing after exposure to sound.
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What causes auditory fatigue?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Exposure to sound
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What is the auditory cortex responsible for?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Processing auditory information
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What is an audiogram?
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Correct Answer:
A graph showing absolute threshold for pure tones as a function of frequency
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Which of the following is true about an audiogram?
Answer
Correct Answer:
It is a graph showing absolute threshold for pure tones as a function of frequency.
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What does Articulation Index measure?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The amount of speech that is audible to a patient with a specific hearing loss.
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What does an antagonist do when binding to a receptor?
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Correct Answer:
Blocks or dampens agonist-mediated responses
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What is the name of the model?
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Correct Answer:
AHAAH Model
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What is an agonist?
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Correct Answer:
A chemical that binds to a receptor of a cell and triggers a response by that cell.
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Which of the following is not true about afferent nerves?
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Correct Answer:
Carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs towards the central nervous system.
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When using the adaptive procedure to test someone's hearing, what is the threshold that is being passed?
Answer
Correct Answer:
The person's hearing threshold
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What is the Adaptive Procedure?
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Correct Answer:
A method of testing similar to tracking that involves incrimental steps until some threshold is passed.
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What is adaptation?
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Correct Answer:
The decline in the frequency of firing of a neuron, particularly of a receptor, under conditions of constant stimulation.
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What is the absolute threshold?
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Correct Answer:
The minimum detectable level of a sound in the absence to an other external sounds.
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Which of the following is NOT true of the absolute threshold?
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Correct Answer:
The minimum detectable level of a sound in the absence of other external sounds.
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What is the ability to identify or re-create a given musical note without the benefit of an external reference called?
Answer
Correct Answer:
Absolute pitch
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What does A-weighting approximate?
Answer
Correct Answer:
40 phon contour
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