Psychoacoustics MCQ

Neurotransmitter are endogenous chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse. True or false?

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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Neurotransmitter are chemicals that send signals from a neuron _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Across a synapse

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How do groups of neurons encode the timing of a sound waveform?

Answer

Correct Answer: By neural firing patterns in time

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How do neural firing patterns determine the perception of pitch?

Answer

Correct Answer: By encoding the timing of a sound waveform

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What is the method of adjustment also called?

Answer

Correct Answer: The method of average error

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Where is the medial geniculate body located?

Answer

Correct Answer: Temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex

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What is the McGurk Effect?

Answer

Correct Answer: A perceptual phenomenon which demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception

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The McGurk effect is an interaction between which two senses?

Answer

Correct Answer: Hearing and vision

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What does Malleus transmit?

Answer

Correct Answer: Sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus.

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Which of the following best describes magnitude estimation?

Answer

Correct Answer: A psychophysical method of evaluating stimuli above threshold.

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The psychophysical method of evaluating stimuli above threshold is known as:

Answer

Correct Answer: Magnitude estimation

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What is a linear correlation?

Answer

Correct Answer: A correlation in which the regression line is a straight line

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Which of the following is NOT a part of the limbic system?

Answer

Correct Answer: Cerebellum

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What is the Likert Scale used for?

Answer

Correct Answer: To measure levels of agreement with a statement in a questionnaire

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What is the Likert Scale?

Answer

Correct Answer: A scale used in questionnaires to measure respondents' level of agreement with a statement

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How many years of research did Liberman's ideas set the agenda for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Fifty

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Alvin Liberman's ideas set the agenda for fifty years of research in which area of psychology?

Answer

Correct Answer: The psychology of speech perception

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What is the name of the author of the two best-selling books?

Answer

Correct Answer: Levitin, Daniel

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What is the name of the book Levitin is most widely known for?

Answer

Correct Answer: This Is Your Brain On Music: The Science of a Human Obsession

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What is Patricia Kuhl's profession?

Answer

Correct Answer: Professor of Speech and Hearing Sciences

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What was Karl Kryter's profession?

Answer

Correct Answer: Psychologist

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What is the smallest detectable difference between a starting and secondary level of a particular sensory stimulus called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Just Noticeable Difference

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What is the Just Noticeable Difference?

Answer

Correct Answer: The smallest detectable difference between a starting and secondary level of a particular sensory stimulus.

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Which among the following is NOT a function of the inner hair cells?

Answer

Correct Answer: They are in synaptic contact with efferent fibers of the auditory nerve.

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What is the Incus?

Answer

Correct Answer: The anvil-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear.

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What is Imperfect Consonance?

Answer

Correct Answer: Minor and major thirds, and minor and major sixths in music.

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What is imperfect consonance in music?

Answer

Correct Answer: Minor and major thirds, and minor and major sixths

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What is an Iamb?

Answer

Correct Answer: A metrical foot (a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm)

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Helmholtz is known for his contributions to which fields?

Answer

Correct Answer: Physiology, psychology, and mathematics

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What is Hermann Helmholtz known for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science.

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What is the main component of the cochlear apex?

Answer

Correct Answer: Helicotrema

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What is the head related transfer function?

Answer

Correct Answer: How an ear receives a sound from a point in space

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What is the definition of habituation?

Answer

Correct Answer: The repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus that may result in the decline of the elicited behavior.

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Which of the following does NOT describe the process of habituation?

Answer

Correct Answer: A decline in the elicited behavior

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What is habituation?

Answer

Correct Answer: A decrease in an elicited behavior resulting from the repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus

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What is the Haas effect?

Answer

Correct Answer: The perception of only the direction of the first arriving sound signal

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The ____ effect describes the phenomenon where a sound coming from one direction is perceived to originate from another direction.

Answer

Correct Answer: Haas

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In which year did Donald Griffin identify the navigational method of bats as animal echolocation?

Answer

Correct Answer: 1944

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What did Donald Griffin identify as the navigational method of bats in 1944?

Answer

Correct Answer: Animal echolocation

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What are the Gestalt rules?

Answer

Correct Answer: Rule described by Gestalt psychologists which govern perceptual organization.

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Which of the following is not a gestalt rule?

Answer

Correct Answer: Attention

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What is the characteristic shape of a Gaussian function?

Answer

Correct Answer: Symmetric "bell curve"

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What is the graph of a Gaussian function?

Answer

Correct Answer: A symmetric "bell curve" shape that quickly falls off towards plus/minus infinity.

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The Ganong effect is an effect where an ambiguous phoneme will be perceived as...?

Answer

Correct Answer: Consistent with the surrounding lexical context

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The Ganong effect is named after which researcher?

Answer

Correct Answer: Peter Ganong

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What is a fixed action pattern?

Answer

Correct Answer: A behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion.

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What is an instinctive behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Fixed action pattern

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Which of the following is NOT a field-ground phenomenon?

Answer

Correct Answer: The division of the perceptual field into background and objects that appear to stand out against it.

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Who was the German experimental psychologist that inspired many 20th century scientists and philosophers?

Answer

Correct Answer: Fechner, Gustav

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What was Fechner's demonstration?

Answer

Correct Answer: That the mind was susceptible to measurement and mathematical treatment

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Fechner-Weber law states that subjective sensation is proportional to what of the stimulus intensity?

Answer

Correct Answer: The logarithm

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Which of the following is NOT correct about Fechner-Weber law?

Answer

Correct Answer: Subjective sensation is proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity.

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of factor analysis?

Answer

Correct Answer: Unobserved

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What are endorphins?

Answer

Correct Answer: Endogenous opioid peptides that function as neurotransmitters

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What is the function of Endorphins?

Answer

Correct Answer: Endorphins are neurotransmitters that function to produce analgesia and a feeling of well-being.

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What is Electroencephalography?

Answer

Correct Answer: The recording of electrical activity along the scalp

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Motor or effector neurons carry nerve impulses _______.

Answer

Correct Answer: Away from the central nervous system

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What are efferent nerves also known as?

Answer

Correct Answer: Motor or effector neurons

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What is ecological psychoacoustics?

Answer

Correct Answer: The study of how humans process sound in naturalistic environments

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What is the title of the book by Neuhoff?

Answer

Correct Answer: Ecological psychoacoustics

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What is echolocation?

Answer

Correct Answer: The ability of humans to detect objects in their environment by sensing echoes from those objects.

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What does echolocation allow humans to do?

Answer

Correct Answer: Detect objects in their environment by sensing echoes from those objects

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Diana Deutsch did a lot of work in which field?

Answer

Correct Answer: World of pitch

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Who came up with a model that viewed pitch as an ascending spiral?

Answer

Correct Answer: Diana Deutsch

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What does OAE stand for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Otoacoustic Emissions

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What is the OAE?

Answer

Correct Answer: Otoacoustic emission

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What is delayed auditory feedback?

Answer

Correct Answer: The original acoustic speech signal is artificially modified and then fed back via headphones

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Which of the following is true of Davis, Hallowell?

Answer

Correct Answer: He damaged his hearing during hearing tests in WWII.

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Who wrote "Hearing: It's Psychology and Physiology"?

Answer

Correct Answer: Davis, Hallowell

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What does C-weighting approximate?

Answer

Correct Answer: 100 phon contour

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What functions are linked to Broca's Area?

Answer

Correct Answer: Speech production

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What is Broca's Area?

Answer

Correct Answer: A region of the brain with functions linked to speech production

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What does the brain stem do?

Answer

Correct Answer: Provides the main motor and sensory innervation to the face and neck

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Which statement best describes blind sight?

Answer

Correct Answer: People who are perceptually blind in a certain area of their visual field demonstrate some response to visual stimuli.

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What is Binaural sluggishness?

Answer

Correct Answer: The binarual system is sloq in adapting to changes in the interaural parameters to which it is sensitive.

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Binaural masking differences is the difference in threshold of the signal for the case where:

Answer

Correct Answer: The signal and masker have the same phase and level relationships at the two ears.

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What are binaural beats?

Answer

Correct Answer: Auditory processing artifacts

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What did Berlyne develop a theory of?

Answer

Correct Answer: Aesthetics

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What is the name of the psychologist who developed a theory of aesthetics based on complexity?

Answer

Correct Answer: Berlyne, Daniel

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What was Bekesy awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for?

Answer

Correct Answer: His research on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian hearing organ

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For which discovery was Bekesy awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine?

Answer

Correct Answer: Function of the cochlea in the mammalian hearing organ

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What is the basilar membrane?

Answer

Correct Answer: A membrane inside the cochlea that vibrates in response to sound

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What is the main function of the Basal Ganglia?

Answer

Correct Answer: Coordinating movement

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What does temporal masking of quiet sounds refer to?

Answer

Correct Answer: Backward Masking

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What is backward masking?

Answer

Correct Answer: Temporal masking of quiet sounds that occur moments before a louder sound

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What does B-weighting approximate?

Answer

Correct Answer: The 70 phon contour

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What is the cocktail party effect?

Answer

Correct Answer: The cocktail party effect is an example of auditory streaming.

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What is Auditory Stream Segregation?

Answer

Correct Answer: The perceptual grouping of sounds to form coherent representations of objects in the acoustic scene.

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What is the process by which the human auditory system organizes sound into perceptually meaningful elements?

Answer

Correct Answer: Auditory Scene Analysis

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What is the definition of auditory looming?

Answer

Correct Answer: The detection of appaoching objects via sound.

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What is auditory looming?

Answer

Correct Answer: The detection of approaching objects via sound.

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What is auditory fatigue?

Answer

Correct Answer: A temporary loss of hearing after exposure to sound.

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What causes auditory fatigue?

Answer

Correct Answer: Exposure to sound

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What is the auditory cortex responsible for?

Answer

Correct Answer: Processing auditory information

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What is an audiogram?

Answer

Correct Answer: A graph showing absolute threshold for pure tones as a function of frequency

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Which of the following is true about an audiogram?

Answer

Correct Answer: It is a graph showing absolute threshold for pure tones as a function of frequency.

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What does Articulation Index measure?

Answer

Correct Answer: The amount of speech that is audible to a patient with a specific hearing loss.

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What does an antagonist do when binding to a receptor?

Answer

Correct Answer: Blocks or dampens agonist-mediated responses

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What is the name of the model?

Answer

Correct Answer: AHAAH Model

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What is an agonist?

Answer

Correct Answer: A chemical that binds to a receptor of a cell and triggers a response by that cell.

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Which of the following is not true about afferent nerves?

Answer

Correct Answer: Carry nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs towards the central nervous system.

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When using the adaptive procedure to test someone's hearing, what is the threshold that is being passed?

Answer

Correct Answer: The person's hearing threshold

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What is the Adaptive Procedure?

Answer

Correct Answer: A method of testing similar to tracking that involves incrimental steps until some threshold is passed.

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What is adaptation?

Answer

Correct Answer: The decline in the frequency of firing of a neuron, particularly of a receptor, under conditions of constant stimulation.

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What is the absolute threshold?

Answer

Correct Answer: The minimum detectable level of a sound in the absence to an other external sounds.

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Which of the following is NOT true of the absolute threshold?

Answer

Correct Answer: The minimum detectable level of a sound in the absence of other external sounds.

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What is the ability to identify or re-create a given musical note without the benefit of an external reference called?

Answer

Correct Answer: Absolute pitch

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What does A-weighting approximate?

Answer

Correct Answer: 40 phon contour

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