Any product - service - customer - contract - project - process or other work unit for which a separate cost measurement is desired.

An entity that gives capital to another entity in expectation of a financial or non-financial return.

General and administrative expenses. Operating expenses that are not contained in the labor or supplies budgets.

An estimate/measure of how much a tangible asset (such as plant or equipment) has been "used up" during an accounting period. It is an expense that does not require any cash outflow under the accrual basis of accounting. See also Accumulated deprecia

[(cash + marketable securities + net accounts receivable)/current liabilities)- A measure of the organization's liquidity.

Costs not traced to a cost object - but that must eventually be allocated across cost objects. See also Direct costs.

A borrower's assets on which a lender has legal claim if a borrower defaults on a loan.

The cumulative amount of depreciation recognized on an asset since its purchase. An asset's book value is equal to its purchase price less the amount of accumulated depreciation.

The budget format that lists revenues and expenses by category - such as labor - travel - and supplies. Categories are sometimes broken down into sub-categories. See also Performance budget and Program budget.

Activity-based costing. A method to determine the costs of a service - product - or customer by tracing the resources consumed. ABC focuses on: I) controlling as well as calculating costs - 2) tracing as opposed to allocating costs - and 3) the impor

A donation that has conditions which must be satisfied. See also Temporarily restricted net assets.