What is the logical fallacy that assumes the conclusion as one of the premises?

All of the following are acceptable ways to cite a passage in MLA format EXCEPT:

Use of the passive voice is sometimes advocated in which form of academic writing?

Under what circumstances might plagiarism be handled with criminal legal action, rather than handled within the institution?

True or false: an abstract is necessary in any extended piece of academic writing.

What are the three essential elements in the Toulmin model of argument?

What types of language forms are allowed in academic writing?

Which aspects of grammar are commonly used when interpreting tables and graphs in academic papers?

Which is a main difference between experimental design and non-experimental design?

If the researcher believes that observation and reason should be used as means of understanding human behavior, he has adopted the research paradigm of:

Which statement does not use colloquial vocabulary and is consequently most suitable as an academic statement?