Statistics Quiz # 11

How does one know that the test, scale, and form of measurement actually measure what it is supposed to?

Validity

Reliability

Both validity and reliability

Neither validity nor reliability

The most difficult source of validity to establish is ______.

Content

Construct

Criterion

Constant

The following are measures of validity:

Content validity

Criterion validity

Parallel validity

Content validity and criterion validity only

______ are conditions that impact the obtained score rather than the qualities of the trait being measured.

Issues that arise

Sources of error

Noise

Situational errors

The coefficient that shows perfect reliability is:

0.5

0.100

1.00

0.95

The variable that one uses to determine the outcome is known as ______.

Predictor variable

Treatment variable

Dependent variable

Independent variable

If you want to know that a test is measuring a sociological construct, what type of validity would you use?

Construct validity

Content validity

Predictive validity

Concurrent validity

The score you actually get on a test is an example of the ______ score, and the TRUE, 100% accurate reflection of what you really know is an example of ______.

Observed; original

Observed; real

True; observed

Observed; true

“A measure of how stable a test is over time” is an example of which of the following types of reliability?

Interrator

Parallel

Internal consistency

Test–retest

One- and two-tailed hypotheses are both types of ______ hypotheses.

Null

Alternative

Directional

Nondirectional

In a study on the effects of the amount of sleep on driving performance, researchers predict that those in the group that is allowed more sleep will exhibit better driving performance. The researchers are using a ______ hypothesis.

Two-tailed

Directional

One-tailed

One-tailed and directional

Given that on one section of the SAT the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100, what is the approximate probability of a student scoring 400 or lower or 700 or higher on the test?

0.12

0.18

0.45

0.24

Concluding there is no effect of the independent variable is to the ______ hypothesis, as concluding there is an effect of the independent variable is to the ______ hypothesis.

Null; alternative

Alternative; null

One-tailed; two-tailed

Two-tailed; one-tailed

Inferential statistics allow us to ______.

Infer something about the sample based on the population

Infer something about the population based on the sample

Infer that the sample is representative

Do all of these

When using a ______ hypothesis, the researcher predicts that the groups being compared will differ, but does NOT predict how they will differ.

Null

Directional

One-tailed

Two-tailed

Given that on one section of the SAT the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100, what is the approximate probability of a student scoring 700 or higher on the test?

0.98

0.02

0.12

0.75

Given that on one section of the SAT the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100, what is the approximate probability of a student scoring 300 or lower or 700 or higher on the test?

0.124

0.022

0.045

0.245

Which of the following is an example of a nondirectional hypothesis?

There is a positive relationship between exercise and increased heart rate.

There is a negative relationship between exercise and increased heart rate.

There is a relationship between exercise and increased heart rate.

There is no relationship between exercise and increased heart rate.

A directional hypothesis is also known as a ______ hypothesis and a nondirectional hypothesis is also known as a ______ hypothesis.

Null; alternative

Alternative; null

One-tailed; two-tailed

Two-tailed; one-tailed

H0 is to Ha as ______ hypothesis is to ______ hypothesis.

Null; alternative

Alternative; null

One-tailed; two-tailed

Two-tailed; one-tailed

When using a ______ hypothesis, the researcher predicts the direction of the expected difference between the groups.

Null

Nondirectional

One-tailed

Two-tailed

In a study of the effects of exercise on stress, researchers predict simply that there will be a difference in stress level between the exercise and no-exercise groups. The researchers are using a ______ hypothesis.

Two-tailed

Directional

One-tailed

One-tailed and directional

Given that on one section of the SAT the mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100, what is the approximate probability of a student scoring 300 or higher on the test?

0.98

0.02

0.12

0.75

______ statistics are used in the process of hypothesis testing.

Descriptive

Null

Alternative

Inferential

Sue took a test in both biology and math last week. The biology test had a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 7, whereas the math test had a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 10. Sue scored a 76 on the biology test and a 76 on the math test. On which test did she do better in comparison to the rest of the class?

The math test

The biology test

She did the same on each test.

Cannot be determined

In a negatively skewed distribution, the mode is ______ the median and ______ mean.

Greater than; greater than

Less than; less than

Greater than; less than

Less than; greater than

A z-score is most affected by the ______.

Median

Mode

Standard deviation

Range

In a negatively skewed distribution, the mean is ______ the median and ______ mode.

Greater than; greater than

Less than; less than

Greater than; less than

Less than; greater than

“Asymptotic” refers to the following:

Another name for the bell curve

Tails of the normal curve

Folding a normal curve, with each half fitting perfectly on top of the other

The area of the curve that lies above the mean

If Joe scored 25 on a test with a mean of 20 and a standard deviation of 5, what is his z-score?

25

+1.0

0.0

Cannot be determined