Perceptual biases are ________________________________________________.
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Correct Answer:
Perceptual distortions, often caused by cognitive shortcuts, that lead to mistakes
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Individuals and organizations can reduce the negative effects of perceptual biases by __________________________.
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Providing opportunities for frequent contact and interaction
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The process by which one’s expectations and perceptions become reality because of the strength of the original expectation is ________________.
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Pygmalion effect
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The primacy effect __________________________________.
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Is a tendency to overemphasize early information
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The tendency to underestimate situational factors and overestimate personal factors when making attributions about others’ actions is called actor-observer difference.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Which of the following is an example of a perceptual bias?
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Correct Answer:
Fundamental attribution error
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Overjustification is the tendency to make external attributions about our own behavior when an external reward is given.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The process of assigning a cause to a behavior that is related to factors external to the person is ______________________.
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External attribution
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Natural ability and effort are examples of _________________.
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Internal attribution
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The attribution process involves inferring and assigning a cause to a behavior.
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True
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The process of letting some information in while keeping out the rest is called closure.
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False
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______________ is the process of gathering, selecting, and interpreting information about how we view ourselves and others.
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Social perception
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Social perception is a subjective rather than an objective process.
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Correct Answer:
True
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The process by which one’s expectations and _______become reality because of the strength of the unoriginal expectation is known as the Pygmalion effect or self-fulfilling prophecy.
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Correct Answer:
Perceptions
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Channeling or confirmatory hypothesis testing is the process by which we limit people’s interactions with us so their behavior support our expectations
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True
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Self-serving bias is the tendency to deny credit for our success and reject blame for failures
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False
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The recency effect is a tendency to underemphasize the most recent information rather than earlier data
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False
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The primacy effect is an inability to overemphasize early information.
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False
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Similar-to-me is developing a liking for a person that we perceive is different from us and dislikes those who are different.
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Correct Answer:
False
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Halo effect is a bias that occurs when a general impression or evaluation of one characteristic of a person or situation creates a negative impression that becomes the central factor around which all other information is selected, organized, and covered up
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False
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Stereotype is a generalization about a general based on the group to which the person belongs.
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False
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Actor-observer difference is the tendency to rely more on internal attributions when explaining our own actions.
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Correct Answer:
False
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_______ is the tendency to underestimate situational factors and overestimate personal factors when making attributions about others’ actions
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Correct Answer:
Fundamental attribution error
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Distortions in perception, often caused by cognitive shortcuts, and that leads to mistakes is known as Perceptual biases
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Correct Answer:
True
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Over justification is the inability to make internal attributions about our own behavior when an external reward is given
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Correct Answer:
False
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___________ theory suggesting that people make attributions about themselves by looking at their behavior
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Self-perception
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The process of assigning a cause to a behavior that is related to factors external to the person is known as?
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External or situational attribution
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The process of assigning a cause to a behavior that is related to internal factors within a person is known as ______.
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Attribution
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_____ is the process of assigning or attributing a cause to behavior or event Internal or personal
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Attribution process
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Schemas are mental patterns that people do not apply to understand and explain certain situations and events
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False
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The organization of information that the perceptual filter has allowed through during the attention stage is known as the Organization stage of perception.
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True
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_______ are those cues that are somehow so striking that they stand out
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Salient cues
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Selective attention is the process of paying attention to all physical and social cues
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False
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The process of letting some information in while keeping out the rest is known as
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Perceptual filter
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The selection of stimuli, ______ues, and signals to which we will pay attention
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Cues
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The closure is the process of filling in missing information to understand a stimulus
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True
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The process of gathering, selecting and interpreting information about how we view ourselves and others is known as_____.
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Correct Answer:
Social perception
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Perception is the mental process we use to pay attention unselectively to all stimuli and cues
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Correct Answer:
False
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