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Geotechnical Engineering MCQ

What is the full name of the test?

Consolidated drained test

Quick shear test

Slow pore test

Pore water pressure

Answer

Correct Answer: Consolidated drained test

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What is the ratio of the liquid limit minus the natural moisture content to the plasticity index of a soil called?

Moisture content

Consistency index

Liquid limit

Plasticity index

Answer

Correct Answer: Consistency index

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What does consistency refer to in regards to soil?

The amount of water required to wet or saturate a given volume of soil like that achieved in a laboratory

The degree of resistance offered by a fine grained soil to deformation.

The degree to which a liquid will adhere to or penetrate a given substance.

Answer

Correct Answer: The degree of resistance offered by a fine grained soil to deformation.

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What is the definition of consistency?

The degree of deformation offered by a fine grained soil to resistance

The degree of resistance offered by a fine grained soil to deformation

The degree of resistance offered by a coarse grained soil to deformation

The degree of deformation offered by a coarse grained soil to resistance

Answer

Correct Answer: The degree of resistance offered by a fine grained soil to deformation

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Sensitivity is a measure of the change in what of clays between undisturbed and disturbed samples?

Shear strength

Young's modulus

Density

Ultimate strength

Answer

Correct Answer: Ultimate strength

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What is the Sensitivity of clays?

A measure of the change in hardness of clays between undisturbed and disturbed samples.

A measure of the change in colour of clays between undisturbed and disturbed samples.

A measure of the change in ultimate strength of clays between undisturbed and disturbed samples.

A measure of the change in friability of clays between undisturbed and disturbed samples.

Answer

Correct Answer: A measure of the change in ultimate strength of clays between undisturbed and disturbed samples.

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What is the average velocity at which groundwater flows through the pores of a soil?

Seepage velocity

Pore velocity

Groundwater velocity

Soil velocity

Answer

Correct Answer: Seepage velocity

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Which of the following is not a factor affecting seepage velocity?

Volume flow rate

Hydraulic gradient

Soil type

Degree of saturation

Answer

Correct Answer: Volume flow rate

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What is the seepage force?

The force exerted by a liquid on a container

The force required to move a unit volume of liquid horizontally

The force transmitted to a mass of soil due to the seepage of groundwater.

The pressure exerted by a liquid on a container

Answer

Correct Answer: The force transmitted to a mass of soil due to the seepage of groundwater.

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What is the force transmitted to a mass of soil due to the seepage of groundwater called?

Soil force

Hydrostatic force

Groundwater force

Seepage force

Answer

Correct Answer: Seepage force

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What is seepage?

The act of watering plants

The flow of water through soil.

The study of plant life

The process of planting trees

Answer

Correct Answer: The flow of water through soil.

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How are Sedimentary Soils formed?

Through igneous activity

Deposition of fine-grained soil in water.

Metamorphic processes

Seismic activity

Answer

Correct Answer: Deposition of fine-grained soil in water.

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What is secondary consolidation?

The decreased rate of consolidation following the completion of primary consolidation.

The increased rate of consolidation following the completion of primary consolidation.

A method of stress analysis.

The process of consolidation.

Answer

Correct Answer: The decreased rate of consolidation following the completion of primary consolidation.

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What is the decreased rate of consolidation following the completion of primary consolidation called?

Primary consolidation

Tertiary consolidation

Quaternary consolidation

Secondary consolidation

Answer

Correct Answer: Secondary consolidation

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What is the secondary compression index?

The logarithmic slope of the secondary compression line.

The logarithmic slope of the primary compression line.

The logarithmic slope of the tertiary compression line.

The logarithmic slope of the quaternary compression line.

Answer

Correct Answer: The logarithmic slope of the secondary compression line.

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What is the saturated density of soil?

Density of soil when the voids are filled with sand.

Density of soil when the voids are filled with air.

Density of soil when the voids are filled with gravel.

Density of soil when the voids are filled with water.

Answer

Correct Answer: Density of soil when the voids are filled with water.

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Saturated density is the density of soil when voids are filled with what?

Water

Air

Rocks

Soil

Answer

Correct Answer: Water

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What is the sand cone test used for?

Measuring the length of a mile

Measuring density of soil in the field

Measuring the width of a room

Measuring the height of a building

Answer

Correct Answer: Measuring density of soil in the field

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Which of the following is true about the sand particles?

Particles larger than 0.075 mm will be retained on the sieve.

Particles between 4.75 mm and 0.075 mm will pass through the sieve.

Particles between 4.75 mm and 0.075 mm will be retained on the sieve.

All particles larger than 4.75 mm will pass through the #4 sieve.

Answer

Correct Answer: Particles between 4.75 mm and 0.075 mm will pass through the sieve.

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What is the range of sand particle sizes in the sample?

4.75 mm to 0.075 mm

0.075 mm to 4.75 mm

200 mm to 0.075 mm

4.75 mm to 200 mm

Answer

Correct Answer: 4.75 mm to 0.075 mm

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What is the main purpose of a retaining wall?

To prevent the soil from sloughing or slope failure.

To prevent erosion

To provide lateral stability of the earth

To construct of concrete or rock

Answer

Correct Answer: To prevent the soil from sloughing or slope failure.

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What is the purpose of a retaining wall?

To provide support for buildings

To provide drainage

To provide lateral stability of the earth

To prevent soil erosion

Answer

Correct Answer: To provide lateral stability of the earth

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What is the response spectrum?

A machine that measures the shaking of the ground during an earthquake

The speed of the shock waves traveling through the Earth

Frequency-dependent energy distribution of an earthquake derived from the Fourier analysis.

A measure of an earthquake's shaking intensity

Answer

Correct Answer: Frequency-dependent energy distribution of an earthquake derived from the Fourier analysis.

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What are residual soils?

Soils that have been transported and deposited by glaciers.

Soils that have been transported and deposited by wind

Soils that have been formed in place.

Soils that have been transported and deposited by water

Answer

Correct Answer: Soils that have been formed in place.

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How is the amount of swell measured?

By inundating the soil sample with water after the applied loads have stabilized

By measuring the amount of water that the soil sample absorbs

By applying loads to the soil sample until it begins to swell

By measuring the amount of pressure that the soil sample can withstand

Answer

Correct Answer: By inundating the soil sample with water after the applied loads have stabilized

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What is the purpose of the Remolded Swell Test?

Measure the amount of swell after compacting and inundating a soil sample with water.

To determine the shear strength of a soil sample.

To determine the Bearing capacity of a soil sample.

To determine the compressibility of a soil sample.

Answer

Correct Answer: Measure the amount of swell after compacting and inundating a soil sample with water.

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Relative density is the density of a granular soil relative to _________.

The density of a rock

The density of the air

The minimum and maximum densities achieved for that particular soil.

The density of water

Answer

Correct Answer: The minimum and maximum densities achieved for that particular soil.

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The density of a granular soil relative to what?

Minimum and maximum densities achieved for that particular soil

Minimum and maximum densities of any soil

The density of water

The density of air

Answer

Correct Answer: Minimum and maximum densities achieved for that particular soil

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What is relative compaction?

The percentage of maximum dry density

The minimum density specification

A minimum density specification usually designated as a percentage of the maximum dry density.

The maximum dry density

Answer

Correct Answer: A minimum density specification usually designated as a percentage of the maximum dry density.

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Deflection in a foundation due to what?

Settlement

Soil type

Topography

Climate

Answer

Correct Answer: Settlement

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What is the deflection in a foundation due to settlement called?

Soil settlement

Vertical deflection

Relative deflection

Thermal expansion

Answer

Correct Answer: Relative deflection

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What is the recompression index?

The logarithmic slope release (reloading) line.

The logarithmic slope reclamation (reloading) line.

The logarithmic slope recompression (reloading) line.

The logarithmic slope regression line.

Answer

Correct Answer: The logarithmic slope recompression (reloading) line.

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Rankine earth pressure theory disregards what between the wall and soil?

Soil

Pressure

Gravity

Friction

Answer

Correct Answer: Friction

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What is the purpose of a Raft Foundation?

To provide additional resistance to uplift

To distribute building loads over a large area

To protect the foundation from moisture

To increase the strength of the foundation

Answer

Correct Answer: To distribute building loads over a large area

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What is radial stress?

The total or effective stress acting parallel to the longitudinal axis.

The total or effective stress acting parallel to the transverse axis.

The total or effective stress acting perpendicular to the transverse axis.

The total or effective stress acting perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

Answer

Correct Answer: The total or effective stress acting perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

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What does R-Value measure?

The hardness of the soil

The resistance value of a soil

The damping of the soil

The weight of the soil

Answer

Correct Answer: The resistance value of a soil

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What does the R-Value of a soil measure?

The amount of water in the soil

The quality of steel

The ability of a soil medium to resist lateral spreading due to an applied vertical load

The resistance of a soil to erosion

Answer

Correct Answer: The ability of a soil medium to resist lateral spreading due to an applied vertical load

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What does "the effective stresses within a mass of sand is zero" mean?

Quick sand

The sand is shallow

There is no movement of the sand

The sand is not compacted

Answer

Correct Answer: Quick sand

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What does 'Quick sand' refer to?

The effective stresses within a mass of sand is zero.

An expanse of shifting sand in which it is impossible to walk

A well in which water is raised by a bucket and pulley

A mixture of flour, fat, and water used in pastry-making

Answer

Correct Answer: The effective stresses within a mass of sand is zero.

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What is the purpose of the proctor test?

To determine the amount of organic matter in soils

To determine maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of soils

To determine the amount of clay in soils

To determine the pH of soils

Answer

Correct Answer: To determine maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of soils

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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Proctor test?

In-place density tests

Optimum moisture content

Maximum dry density

Standard effort

Answer

Correct Answer: Maximum dry density

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What is the angle between the principal stress and the direction of the applied load?

60°

0°

30°

90°

Answer

Correct Answer: 0°

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What are principal stresses?

Stresses caused by an outside force.

Stresses acting in the direction of principal axes of stress.

Principal axis

The direction of maximal shearing stress

Answer

Correct Answer: Stresses acting in the direction of principal axes of stress.

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What are the principal strains?

The strains occurring in the directions perpendicular to the principal axes of strain.

The strains occurring in the directions of the principal axes of strain.

The strains occurring in the directions of the minor axes of strain.

The strains occurring in the directions of the major axes of strain.

Answer

Correct Answer: The strains occurring in the directions of the principal axes of strain.

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What is the height of a column of water required to develop a given pressure at a given point called?

Air pressure

Blood pressure

Pressure head

Water pressure

Answer

Correct Answer: Pressure head

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What is the preconsolidation pressure?

The average pressure of a soil.

The minimum past pressure of a soil.

The maximum past pressure of a soil.

The maximum future pressure of a soil.

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum past pressure of a soil.

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What is pre-consolidation load?

The minimum load ever imposed on a particular soil mass in its geological history.

The first load ever imposed on a particular soil mass in its geological history.

The maximum load ever imposed on a particular soil mass in its geological history.

The average load ever imposed on a particular soil mass in its geological history.

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum load ever imposed on a particular soil mass in its geological history.

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What is the ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume called?

Density

Void Ratio

Void Space

Porosity

Answer

Correct Answer: Porosity

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What is the pore pressure ratio?

The pressure of water in a soil pore.

The ratio of the porewater pressure to the vertical overburden pressure.

The amount of water a soil can hold.

The ratio of the porewater pressure to the horizontal overburden pressure.

Answer

Correct Answer: The ratio of the porewater pressure to the vertical overburden pressure.

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The ratio of the change in pore pressure to the change in isotropic stress in undrained loading is known as?

Undrained pore pressure loading

Pore pressure change

Pore pressure coefficient

Isotropic stress pore pressure loading

Answer

Correct Answer: Pore pressure coefficient

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The pore pressure coefficient is the _____.

Density of a rock

Measure of how easily fluids flow through a rock

Amount of pore pressure required to fracture a rock

Ratio of the change in pore pressure to the change in deviator stress.

Answer

Correct Answer: Ratio of the change in pore pressure to the change in deviator stress.

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Pore pressure is caused by the fluid within the pores or voids in a porous material. True or false?

Pore pressure is the pressure of the pore water on the soil particles.

The pore pressure is created by the weight of the overlying material.

True

False

Answer

Correct Answer: True

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The pressure exerted by the fluid within the pores or voids in a porous material is known as?

Hydrostatic Pressure

Pore Pressure

Capillary Pressure

Intergranular Pressure

Answer

Correct Answer: Pore Pressure

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What is pore air pressure?

The pressure of air within the void space of a partially saturated soil.

The force required to keep an object from moving through the air

The amount of force required to move an object through the air

The pressure of air exerted on an object

Answer

Correct Answer: The pressure of air within the void space of a partially saturated soil.

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What is the loadbearing ability of a point-bearing pile derived from?

The support of the soil layer beneath the tip of the pile.

The construct of the pile

The load bearing capacity of the pile itself

The strength of the foundation.

Answer

Correct Answer: The support of the soil layer beneath the tip of the pile.

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The bearing capacity at the bottom tip of one member of a deep foundation system is also known as ________.

Point-bearing capacity

Soil capacity

Foundation capacity

Load-bearing capacity

Answer

Correct Answer: Point-bearing capacity

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What is point-bearing capacity?

The ability of a material to resist being worn away by friction.

The bearing capacity at the bottom tip of one member of a deep foundation system.

The ability of a material to resist breaking under load.

The resistance of a material to deformation under load.

Answer

Correct Answer: The bearing capacity at the bottom tip of one member of a deep foundation system.

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What is the plasticity index?

The plastic limit of a soil mass.

None of the above.

The liquid limit of a soil mass.

The difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit of a soil mass.

Answer

Correct Answer: The difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit of a soil mass.

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What is the definition for plasticity?

The degree to which a material will deform permanently under load.

The property of a soil which allows it to deform continuously, usually a mass of clay size particles.

The degree to which a material will deform elastically under load.

A measure of the tendency of a material to cling to other surfaces.

Answer

Correct Answer: The property of a soil which allows it to deform continuously, usually a mass of clay size particles.

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Plasticity is the property of a soil which allows it to ___________.

Withstand high compressive strength

Be impervious to water

Have a high void ratio

Deform continuously

Answer

Correct Answer: Deform continuously

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What is plastic strain?

Deformation of soil that is not recovered upon unloading.

The deformation of a material at its elastic limit.

A measure of a material's ability to deform elastically under load.

The ratio of the change in length of a material to the original length of the material.

Answer

Correct Answer: Deformation of soil that is not recovered upon unloading.

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What is the plastic limit?

The moisture content in which a soil will have a plastic consistency.

The moisture content in which a soil will have a liquid consistency.

The moisture content in which a soil will have a gaseous consistency.

The moisture content in which a soil will have a solid consistency.

Answer

Correct Answer: The moisture content in which a soil will have a plastic consistency.

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What is plastic deformation?

The distortion of glass resulting in a permanent and irrecoverable change in shape or volume.

The distortion of metal resulting in a permanent and irrecoverable change in shape or volume.

The distortion of soil resulting in a permanent and irrecoverable change in shape or volume.

The distortion of paper resulting in a permanent and irrecoverable change in shape or volume.

Answer

Correct Answer: The distortion of soil resulting in a permanent and irrecoverable change in shape or volume.

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What is an example of a plane strain situation?

On a cross-section through a short structure being loaded in the x-y plane

On a cross-section through a long structure being loaded in the y-z plane

On a cross-section through a long structure being loaded in the x-y plane

On a cross-section through a long structure being loaded in the x-z plane

Answer

Correct Answer: On a cross-section through a long structure being loaded in the x-y plane

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What is meant by a "two-dimensional state of stress"?

There are only strains in the x-y plane.

There are only stresses in the x-y plane.

The in-plane strain is zero.

The out-of-plane strain is zero.

Answer

Correct Answer: The out-of-plane strain is zero.

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Piping is the movement of soil particles as a result of what?

Unbalanced seepage forces produced by percolating water.

Rainfall

Melting snow

Irrigation

Answer

Correct Answer: Unbalanced seepage forces produced by percolating water.

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What is the Pile Driving Analyzer?

A machine used to calculate the average velocity of a pile

A method to compute average pile force and velocity by using wave equation analysis with electronic measurements.

A device used to measure the driving force of a pile

A tool used to determine the average force of a pile

Answer

Correct Answer: A method to compute average pile force and velocity by using wave equation analysis with electronic measurements.

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What does PDA stand for?

Pile Driving Assessment

Passive Data Acquisition

Pile Driving Analyzer

Pile Data Analysis

Answer

Correct Answer: Pile Driving Analyzer

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Piles are driven into the ground by:

Being hammered

Being thrown

Being jetted

Being drilled

Answer

Correct Answer: Being hammered

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Piles are usually constructed of which three materials?

Brick, mortar, or cement

Soil, rock, or lime

Timber, steel, or pre-stressed reinforced concrete

Sand, clay, or gravel

Answer

Correct Answer: Timber, steel, or pre-stressed reinforced concrete

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What is a piezometric surface?

The upper limit to which water can rise in a given container

An imaginary surface corresponding to the hydrostatic water level of a confined body of groundwater.

A measure of how much water is in a container

The lower limit to which water can fall in a given container

Answer

Correct Answer: An imaginary surface corresponding to the hydrostatic water level of a confined body of groundwater.

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What is a piezometer?

The study of piezoelectricity

A device used to measure the pressure of liquids

An instrument used to measure in-situ pore water pressures.

A unit of measurement for pressure

Answer

Correct Answer: An instrument used to measure in-situ pore water pressures.

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What does the instrument 'Piezometer' measure?

Hydrostatic pressure of a fluid

Atmospheric pressure

Density of a fluid

In-situ pore water pressures.

Answer

Correct Answer: In-situ pore water pressures.

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What is Pier?

A deep foundation component that is usually cast-in-place, instead of driven, drilled or jetted as a pile.

A bridge

A structure built on or over water

A tower

Answer

Correct Answer: A deep foundation component that is usually cast-in-place, instead of driven, drilled or jetted as a pile.

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What does the pH value measure?

Acidity or alkalinity of groundwater or soil water extract based on the hydrogen ion content

Speed of light in a vacuum

Distance from the Earth to the sun

The amount of space an object takes up

Answer

Correct Answer: Acidity or alkalinity of groundwater or soil water extract based on the hydrogen ion content

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What is the definition of permeability?

The property which allows the flow of water through a soil.

The property which allows the flow of air through a soil.

A measure of the hardness of a soil.

The property which allows the flow of water and air through a soil.

Answer

Correct Answer: The property which allows the flow of water through a soil.

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What is the peak shear strength?

The maximum shear strength of a soil at a given abnormal effective stress and water content.

The maximum shear strength of a soil at a given normal effective stress and moisture content.

The maximum shear strength of a soil at a given normal effective stress and water content.

The minimum shear strength of a soil at a given normal effective stress and water content.

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum shear strength of a soil at a given normal effective stress and water content.

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What is the maximum shear strength of a soil called?

Peak shear strength

Maximum shear strength

Max shear strength

Peak strength

Answer

Correct Answer: Peak shear strength

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What is the stated particle size?

The median particle size of a specified percentage of the total content

The minimum particle size of a specified percentage of the total content

The average particle size of a specified percentage of the total content

The maximum particle size of a specified percentage of the total content

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum particle size of a specified percentage of the total content

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What is the particle size characteristic stated as?

The average particle size of a specified percentage of the total content of a soil graded by mass.

Particle size is not a characteristic of soil.

The minimum particle size of a specified percentage of the total content of a soil graded by mass.

The maximum particle size of a specified percentage of the total content of a soil graded by mass.

Answer

Correct Answer: The maximum particle size of a specified percentage of the total content of a soil graded by mass.

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Overturning failure is most likely to occur when lateral earth pressures exceed _____?

Retaining wall resistance

The height of the wall

The weight of the soil

The angle of the wall

Answer

Correct Answer: Retaining wall resistance

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What is the main cause of overturning failure?

Excessive lateral earth pressures

Inadequate drainage

Poor workmanship

Inferior materials

Answer

Correct Answer: Excessive lateral earth pressures

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What is the overconsolidation ratio?

The ratio of maximum past strain to current effective stress

The ratio of maximum past stress to current effective stress

The ratio of maximum past pressure to current effective strain

The ratio of maximum past pressure (preconsolidation pressure) to the current effective stress.

Answer

Correct Answer: The ratio of maximum past pressure (preconsolidation pressure) to the current effective stress.

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What is the ratio of maximum past pressure to the current effective stress called?

None of the above

Overconsolidation ratio

Soil consolidation ratio

Ratio of maximum stress

Answer

Correct Answer: Overconsolidation ratio

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What is the definition of an overconsolidated soil?

Soil with a high sand content

Soil located near a water source

Soil with a high clay content

Soil carrying a higher load in the past

Answer

Correct Answer: Soil carrying a higher load in the past

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The total or effective stress at a given depth due to the weight of overlying soil or rock is known as ____________.

Overburden Pressure

Pillar Pressure

Heave

Frost Action

Answer

Correct Answer: Overburden Pressure

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What is Overburden Soil?

Soil Overlying soil of a desirable soil stratum.

The top layer of soil

Soil under a stratum of bedrock

The first soil stratum you encounter when digging

Answer

Correct Answer: Soil Overlying soil of a desirable soil stratum.

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What does organic soils Earth comprised of?

Organic material, clay, sand.

Organic material, peat, muskeg.

Organic material, silt, loam.

Inorganic material, peat, muskeg.

Answer

Correct Answer: Organic material, peat, muskeg.

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Organic soils Earth are comprised of what?

Water, air, rocks

Dirt, clay, sand

Leaves, twigs, branches

Organic material, peat, muskeg

Answer

Correct Answer: Organic material, peat, muskeg

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Which of the following is not a method of determining optimum moisture content?

Constant Head Permeability Test

Hydraulic Conductivity Test

Proctor Test

Atterberg Limits Test

Answer

Correct Answer: Proctor Test

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What is the water content at which the maximum dry density of a soil is obtained using a specific effort of compaction?

Soil moisture content

Maximum moisture content

Optimum moisture content

Minimum moisture content

Answer

Correct Answer: Optimum moisture content

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What enables two-way drainage in an open layer?

The water

The climate

The soil

The plants

Answer

Correct Answer: The soil

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What does Open layer allow for?

One-way drainage

Slow drainage

No drainage

Two-way drainage

Answer

Correct Answer: Two-way drainage

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One-dimensional modulus quantifies the relationship between _____.

The change in horizontal effective stress and the change in vertical strain

The change in horizontal effective stress and the change in horizontal strain

The change in vertical effective stress and the change in vertical strain

The change in vertical effective stress and the change in horizontal strain

Answer

Correct Answer: The change in vertical effective stress and the change in vertical strain

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What is one-dimensional compression?

Compression taking place with full radial and horizontal strain.

Compression taking place with zero radial and full horizontal strain.

Compression taking place with zero radial strain and plastic deformation.

Compression taking place with zero radial and horizontal strain.

Answer

Correct Answer: Compression taking place with zero radial and horizontal strain.

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What is the definition of "normally consolidated soil"?

Soil that has been compacted by some external force

Soil having a current state which lies on the normal compression line.

Soil which is saturated with water

Soil which has not been subject to any external force

Answer

Correct Answer: Soil having a current state which lies on the normal compression line.

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What is Normalization?

Data that has been adjusted to be within the normal range.

Data that has been processed to be within the normal range.

Soil test data that has been analyzed and is considered to be within the normal range.

Analysis of soil test data to compensate for different states of samples.

Answer

Correct Answer: Analysis of soil test data to compensate for different states of samples.

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What is the process of normalization?

Soil testing to determine the type of crop that can be grown in a particular area

Adding chemicals to soil to improve its fertility

Analysis of soil test data to compensate for different states of samples

Determining the optimum amount of irrigation for a particular crop

Answer

Correct Answer: Analysis of soil test data to compensate for different states of samples

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What is the normal force?

Force acting perpendicular to the plane of reference.

Force acting in the plane of reference.

Force acting normal to the plane of reference.

Force acting parallel to the plane of reference.

Answer

Correct Answer: Force acting normal to the plane of reference.

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The relationship between void ratio and the normal effective stress for soil loaded beyond the current yield stress is referred to as?

Conjugate line

Shear line

Normal compression line

Type 1 line

Answer

Correct Answer: Normal compression line

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What is the relationship between void ratio and the normal effective stress for soil loaded beyond the current yield stress in an isotropic compression?

Varies

Direct relationship

Inverse relationship

No relationship

Answer

Correct Answer: Direct relationship

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What is the allowable bearing pressure for spread foundations on sandy soil?

About equal to the nominal bearing pressure

Nominal bearing pressure

2 to 3 times the nominal bearing pressure

One-half to two-thirds of the nominal bearing pressure

Answer

Correct Answer: Nominal bearing pressure

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Negative skin friction forces are induced on deep foundations by:

Downward movement of adjacent soil relative to the foundation element.

Adjacent soil sliding along the foundation element.

Soil consolidation due to the effects of gravity.

The action of surface water on the foundation element.

Answer

Correct Answer: Downward movement of adjacent soil relative to the foundation element.

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What is Montmorillonite?

A type of glass

A mineral made up of magnesium and iron.

A clay structure that has a strong attraction to water.

A repeating molecule structure of 2 silica atoms and one aluminum.

Answer

Correct Answer: A clay structure that has a strong attraction to water.

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